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Freedom of Speech vs. Censorship Essay Adopted in 1791, the First Amendment, states â€Å"Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.† (Pilon) The freedom of speech documented in the First Amendment is not only a constitutional protection but also an inevitable part of democratic government and independence, which are essential values in society. â€Å"Censorship,† according to Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, â€Å"is an almost irresistible impulse when you know you are right† (Sunstein). That is why the American citizen’s right to free speech should be held as the highest virtue and any censorship of freedom of speech should not be allowed, however, should be respected. Freedom of speech is essential part of democratic government because the only way truth can emerge when there is an open competition of ideas. However, there is a strong support of censorship when people start mentioning extremely offensive opinions. Should the freedom of speech be limited in this case? The answer is â€Å"No†. â€Å"If liberty means anything at all,† writes George Orwell, â€Å"it means the right to tell people what they do not want to hear.† (Cox) If we want to enjoy the freedom fully, the full protection should be given to the freedom of speech; there are no compromises about it. Freedom of speech protected by the First Amendment is not just a right, which can be declared or abolished. According to the â€Å"liberty theory,† proposed by some lega l scholars, freedom of speech is an essential part of the liberty of every person who pursues an individual self-determination and self-realization (Cox). Thus, freedom of speech is also a global right one that permits freedom of personal development and self-expression. Another theoretical ground to support the freedom of speech is called â€Å"tolerance theory.† It holds that the ability to teach and promote tolerance is one of the most important assets of freedom of speech (Cox). From this perspective, freedom of speech itself excludes any type of intolerance, which sometimes appears in a threatening form (religious intolerance, racial intolerance). The â€Å"tolerance theory† implies self-restraint, which is the only appropriate response to any ideas, even those that we may personally may dislike or hate. The â€Å"tolerance theory† provides a broader context for exercising tolerance in a conflict-ridden democratic society. Furthermore, in legal practice there are certain restrictions on freedom of speech imposed by the Supreme Court. They define a few categories of speech, which are considered not to be fully protected by the First Amendment. These categories include defamation, advocacy of imminent illegal conduct, obscenity and, fraudulent misrepresentation (Farber). However, if the speech does not fall within one of these categories, there are no grounds for the government to argue that freedom of speech should be restricted because of its harmful content. One of the common bases for partial censorship is proof that the freedom of speech causes imminent illegal action. The Supreme Court has already drawn a careful line between general abstract theories and political dissent on one hand and particular illegal acts incitement on the other. This line is drawn by definition of â€Å"clear and present danger† test (Farber). The government cannot sue the speaker on the basis of its tendency or possibly illegal conduct incitement. Before any speech is punished on the grounds of incitement, there is an obligatory three-part criterion that should be met. First, the speech must directly incite lawless action. Second, the context of speech must imply imminent breaking of the law, rather than call for illegal conduct at some indefinite future time. At last, there should be a strong intention to produce such conduct (Farber). Such â€Å"clear and present danger† test determines the level of probability of threat imposed by the speech in question. However, the evil, which the government tries to prevent by outlawing the advocacy, does not outweigh the harm of outlawing the free speech. Only when the imposed danger becomes evident, the freedom of speech may be questioned. We must be aware that the price for preventing several cases of the openly declared illegal conduct may be paid by restriction of one of the most essential rights that constitute freedom for the entire nation. For the wellbeing and public safety, the Supreme Court has imposed certain regulations on the freedom of speech not because of its content, but because of the time, place and, manner the speech is being expressed (Farber). The court pointed out in Snyder v. Phelps (2011) that one way to ascertain whether a restriction is content-based versus content-neutral is to consider if the speaker had deliver a different message under exactly the same circumstances (Supreme Court of the United States). However, these rules do not limit the actual freedom of speech and are not even upheld, if there is no public need for this. However, concerning the content-neutral regulation, it raises many controversial issues. The content-neutral regulation requires a very careful distinction and therefore may sometimes be misinterpreted. There is a raising concern that such regulation may weaken people’s right to participate, especially if the government puts too many restrictions on how the ideas should be voiced. Thus, by analyzing the current issues concerning the First Amendment right to free speech in the United States, I wanted to show the perspective of outlawing this right, and the negative aspects t hat such outlawing may involve. Freedom of speech has served a crucial role for the right to dissent and for the entire principle of democracy in our society. This law was developed during the course of American history and only after numerous struggles it was achieved. The evolution of this law is still in progress however, the limitation of the basic right to free speech may as well limit our freedom and democracy, therefore should be respected and protected. Works Cited Cox, A. A Freedom of Expression. Cambridge: Harvard University, 1981. Print. The Declaration fo Independence and the Consitituion fo the United States. The Declaration fo Independence and the Consitituion fo the United States. By Roger Pilon. N.p.: Cato Institute, 2000. 1-10. Print. Farber, D. The First Amendment. New York: Foundation Press, 1998. Print. Sunstein, C. Democracy and the Prolem of Free Speech. New York: Free Press, 1993. Print. United States v. Kozminski 487 U.S. 931 (1988). U.S. Supreme Court, n.d. Web. 1 Apr. 2013. http://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/487/931/. United States. Supreme Court. Supreme Court of the United States of America. Supreme Court of the United States of America, Oct. 2010. Web. 1 May 2013. http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/10pdf/09-751.pdf.

The Perfect Woman: Rousseau and Wollstonecraft Essay --

If scholarship is done right, it is that which is done impartially. The topic of this paper, the perfect woman, written by a man, may give those with prejudgments a ready answer to it; without the due analysis required by it. Reading both authors now, it is easy to bash Rousseau with sexism and stamp Wollstonecraft with feminism. But such was not my task, rather I examined both with an unprejudiced eye to the best of my ability. Thus, I hope the same is reciprocated by my reader, and take my interpretations and criticisms with the same impartial mind. To begin, then, my argument, I assert that although Rousseau and Wollstonecraft effect disparate views on the best education for women, the supposed disagreement of their model of the perfect woman is specious; their concept of the human species and its purpose is truly in contention. It is imperative to outline such mode of education regarded by each as the best to raise a woman. Since Wollstonecraft critiques much of Rousseau’s, I begin with his model. â€Å"Everything is good as it leaves the hands of the author of things; everything degenerates into the hands of man,† is the first line of Book I in Rousseau’s Emile or On Education (161). Emile is not a book for a social system of education, but one specifically for the â€Å"tender and foresighted mother, who [is] capable of keeping the nascent shrub away from the highway and securing it from the impact of human opinions†(162). Therefore, the mother is advised to â€Å"observe nature and follow the path it maps out to you† in the education of her children, the same nature which Rousseau has taken to educate the imaginary Emile and Sophie: the man and the woman; the future husband and wife. Therefore, in educating the perfect woman, the futu... ...o a role of mother and wife in both), but in their account of humanity. The charge of sexism on Rousseau and the badge of feminism on Wollstonecraft render their arguments elusive, as if Rousseau wrote because he was a sexist and Wollstonecraft because she was a feminist, which is certainly not true. Their work evinced here by the authors questioned the state of man and woman in relation to their conception of what it should be, what its purpose, and what its true species. With an answer to these questions, one concludes the inhumanity of mankind in society, and the other the inhumanity of mankind in their natural, barbarous state. The one runs from society, to the comforts and direction of nature; the other away from nature, to the reason and virtue of society. The argument presented may be still elusive, and the work in vain, but the point not missed, perhaps.

Lab Report Essay

Heat it to 90 C and hold this temperature for 10 minutes. 2. Cool it to 50 C in a bath of ice water. 3. Shake the culture bacteria to free it from lumps and add to the milk. 4. Transfer the inoculated milk into the beaker or jar. Cover. 5. Incubate the milk for 4 hours at 43 to 46 degrees until clotted. Clotting of milk indicates the bacteria utilized the sugars and underwent fermentation. 6. Chill for 1 – 2 hours 7. Stir the yogurt to make the texture smooth. 8. Package and consume III. Results and Discussion Kind of Milk| Taste| Color| Texture| Smell| Low- fat milk| Yogurt-like| Beige| Smooth| Sour| Full-cream milk| Very Sour| Beige| Thick| Very sour| In the table above, the reason why there were only 2 kinds of milk is because 2 groups used low fat milk and the other 2 used full-cream milk. As being compared from the table above, using full-cream milk caused the taste and the smell of the product (yogurt) to be extra sour. Yogurt is naturally sour because of the acid present in it. Also, the full-cream milk caused the texture to be thicker compared to the yogurt used with low-fat milk. Even though different kinds of milk were used, the color of the yogurt was the same, which was Beige. IV. Conclusion Based on the given results and discussion of the data, the characteristics (taste, color, texture, and smell) of the yogurt will depend on what kind of milk will be used for the yogurt making process. V. Recommended If one were to do the same experiment above, the group would recommend that they use low-fat milk to make their own yoghurt.

The ACA and Racial and Ethnic Disparities - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 497 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Health Essay Level High school Topics: Affordable Care Act Essay Did you like this example? In the United States of America, there is a wide gap between whites and minority groups when it comes to accessibility to healthcare and insurance coverage. The article discusses how some minorities, specifically blacks and Hispanics, had higher chances of encountering obstacles relating to healthcare prior to the implementation of the ACA. Its aim is to assess how the ACAs expansion of coverage has affected inequalities in healthcare for adults. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The ACA and Racial and Ethnic Disparities" essay for you Create order Data was collected and analyzed from the American Community Survey which is a yearly survey performed by the U.S. Census Bureau with information on demographics, social, economic and housing attributes; and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System which is the top system within the U.S. for collecting health related data using telephone surveys. After the ACA, the rates of uninsured blacks and Hispanics decreased however the question still remained if health disparities between whites and ethnic and racial minorities dropped. This article addresses this question in addition to access to insurance coverage and care; and compares this amongst states which chose and did not choose to expand Medicaid Coverage. There were 27 states together with the District of Columbia, which in 2014 to 2015 expanded their Medicaid program and 23 states which did not. Three key measurements were used: adults of working age (19 64) who were uninsured, adults 18 years and older who within the past year who did without care due to its price, and adults 18 years and older who did not have a source of care. The findings were that healthcare access improved for all parties involved in this study when using the above three measurements and appear to contribute to the decrease in the disparities gap between white and minorities even with higher rates of uninsured blacks and Hispanics. The rate of uninsured adults declined overall and although blacks and Hispanics are more affected by the costs associated in their ability to obtain healthcare, the number of individuals going without care also decreased across the board. The number of adults who did not have a healthcare provider also shrunk but the number is still high especially with the Hispanic population. For states which opted for Medicaid expansion, access to healthcare and insurance coverage for adults was better, and racial and ethnic disparities for the measurement indicators were less although there were improvements in all states. Improvements in states which did not do the Medicaid expansion were due to the availability of subsi dies for premiums and insurance marketplace brought about by the ACA. There are still a total of 19 states which have not chosen the Medicaid expansion some of which have large minority populations. Based on the findings of this study, election of the ACAs Medicaid Expansion option can be very beneficial in helping to reduce the racial and ethnic disparities that exist and aid in the improvement of access to care for all. Reference: Reducing Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to Care: Has the Affordable Care Act Made a Difference? Issue Brief (Commonw Fund). 2017 Aug;2017:1-14.

Buddhism Lecture Notes Siddhartha - 1701 Words

Buddhism Lecture Notes Siddhartha Gautama was born around 500 BC, roughly the same time that Hinduism was shifting into the more meditative and spiritual form found in the Upanishads and breaking away from the old Vedic tradition. Siddhartha himself was raised within a Hindu community, and thus Buddhism, it can be said, began as an outgrowth of Hinduism very much like Christianity began as an outgrowth of Judaism. In fact, you’ll likely notice some amazing similarities between the life of Christ and the life of Siddhartha. Before he was born, Siddhartha’s mother, Maya (yes, like the Hindu term for â€Å"illusion†), had a vision of a white elephant entering her side. Nine months later, Siddhartha was born in what many claim was an immaculate conception. Siddhartha’s father was a prince of the region with vast wealth and power. When he was born, Siddhartha had very odd markings on his skin and his father, concerned about the well-being of his heir to the great fortune and kingdom, sought the counsel of two wise men, Brahmins of a sort, who were called in to decipher the markings on the baby’s body. The wise men said that the child was destined for a truly amazing life: he was destined for greatness. However, the way in which that destiny was to be fulfilled depending upon one thing: if Siddhartha ever experienced or witnessed firsthand the reality of human suffering. In fact, the wise men said there were two possibilities as to how his greatness would unfold: (1) If SiddharthaShow MoreRelatedHindu and Buddhist Gender Roles and Ideals: the Household and Abstract Concepts1820 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Gender roles and ideals in Hinduism and Buddhism are diverse. A number of texts regarding household gender roles exist in Hindu traditions, and little to none are appear to exist in Buddhist traditions. The gendering of abstract concepts in both Hinduism and Buddhism may also occur. The cases sited indicate that male dominance is significantly more common than female dominance in ancient and Classical Hindu texts while regional variations may continue to exist. Buddhists appear to internalize

Research Paper Marjane Satrapi - 756 Words

Beset with the unthinkable, the Islamic Revolution defines turbulent times for many Iranians (Tehran). Numerous females including Satrapi were robbed of their social rights due to westernizing and secular efforts (Tehran). In turn, the Islamic Revolution undermined the younger Satrapi’s ability to come to terms with her own identity; nevertheless, she now writes to share her experience with oppression and her later journey towards cultural integration. It is a historical dispute that woman did not have their share of say in the revolutionaries’ political agenda (Mouri). In the months following the Revolution, obligatory hijabs were decreed (Mouri). Girls of every age rank were forced to wear a veil. Several active Iranian female†¦show more content†¦Marjane’s life eventually plummeted leading her to homelessness, bronchitis, and drug abuse (Hattenstone). Defeated, she escaped the havoc by returning home, ultimately surrendering herself to the lifestyle s he once rejected (Hattenstone). Unfortunately, the hijab and restricted style options weren’t Satrapi’s mere concern. Upon her arrival home, Satrapi dealt with more prejudice than she had originally anticipated. She was known as the Western Iranian, which made her cultural transition in Iran especially difficult. Her later diagnosis with depression fostered even more mayhem within her life resulting in suicidal attempts. Her early 20’s were indeed tempestuous times as she struggled to establish and integrate herself into foreign customs. The end of the Islamic Revolution didn’t necessarily mean that the essence of corruption and repression were eradicated. In fact, the bitterness lingered for another 30 years shaping a void for many Iranian women. The marriage age for females was lowered to nine, and they lacked the rights to obtain divorce. Meanwhile, their male counterparts were able to assume full custody of their children, obtain unilateral divorce, and have as many wives as they desired. In all, females received a lot of harsh treatment if they failed abide by the restrictive nature of Islamic rule. For a female foreigner like Satrapi, simply bearing a different style of clothing orShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Complete Persepolis 2283 Words   |  10 Pagesthe book, the author, Marjane Satrapi, recounts her life in Iran after the Islamic Revolution of 1979, and the difficulties she encountered. She struggled with restricted freedoms, strict religious rule, and a sense of statelessness. In the opening illustrations, she describes her childhood and her transition from a secular school to one that was religious and separated by gender. At this time it had become law for a woman to wear the veil, or head scarf when in public. Satrapi talks of how she â€Å"didn’tRead MoreMemories And The Formation Of Reality1666 Words   |  7 PagesBut where does the use of imagination and memories stop? By examining memor y represented in animation and film, through Bartlett’s theory of schema, we can see how the film develops an active organized method to distinguish reality from memory. This paper examines five films based on memory, thus arguing that imagination does not distort memory in animation, but create a role as a form of embellishment for the film to help memory. Fredrick Bartlett is a British psychologist from Cambridge UniversityRead MoreMemories And The Formation Of Reality1688 Words   |  7 Pageswhere does the use of imagination and memories stop? By examining memory represented in animation and film, through Bartlett’s theory of schema, we can see how the film develops an active organized method to recognize reality through memory. This paper is examining five films based on the theme of memory, thus arguing that imagination does not distorted memory in animation, but create a role as a form of embellishment for the film to help memory. Fredrick Bartlett is a British psychologist fromRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 PagesWorld, by Jostein Gaarder (1991) English Music, by Peter Ackroyd (1992)[39] The Gods Laugh on Mondays, by Reza Khoshnazar (1995) About a Boy, by Nick Hornby (1998) The Perks of Being a Wallflower, by Stephen Chbosky (1999)[40] Persepolis, by Marjane Satrapi (2000)[41] 21st century[edit] The Secret Life of Bees, by Sue Monk Kidd (2002)[42] The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini (2003)[43] The Fortress of Solitude, by Jonathan Lethem (2003) [44] Never Let Me Go, by Kazuo Ishiguro (2005)[30] Looking for

Abraham Lincoln Essay In English Example For Students

Abraham Lincoln Essay In English Abraham Lincoln, from the backwoods of Hodgenville Kentucky, rose to become one of the greatest presidents of the United States. During his attempt to keep the Union in the Civil War, he gained more power and authority than any president before him. A excellent politician, Lincoln was always looked upon for leadership for he put reason and thoughtful decisions behind his word. Abraham Lincoln, born to Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hawks on February 12, 1809, was conceived in a log cabin built by his father. Abe had one older sister, and a younger brother that died as an infant. The Lincoln family moved a lot, from Kentucky to Indiana, and back to Kentucky. Abe read a book titled Mason Locke Weemss Life and Memorable Actions of George Washington, this book mad a lasting impression on him that persuaded him throughout his life. By the time he was nineteen Abe reached his full grown height of six feet four inches. He held small jobs such as a clerk, postmaster and a few others through his early twenties. Then in 1832 he ran for county candidate against 13 others. Only four were to be elected and Lincoln finished eighth. In 834 he ran for a representative to the Illinois legislature, by this time Lincoln was well known and he got the election. Abe began to study law, and in 1836 became a licensed attorney. In 1837 he made his first public stand against slavery, Lincoln avoided extreme abolitionist groups though he was greatly against slavery. On November 4, 1842 Lincoln married Mary Todd, whom he spent the rest of his life with. He became a United States Congressman, although he was an amateur, his goal was to make his mark. What might of made him fulfill this goal was the fact that he never lost confidence in himself. Years went by, and Abraham could not stand slavery any more, he was elected by the republican party to do something about it. On March 4, 1861, Lincoln was sworn in as president of the United States of America at his first inaugural address. Soon after the Civil War began, and Abe had to take on a problem that is more severe than any preceding president. During his second year in office, on April 16, 1862, Lincoln finally signed a bill that abolished slavery throughout the land. On November 19, 1863, Lincoln was called to deliver a speech at the battle sight in Gettysburg. Although Lincolns speech was short, it was definitely a masterpiece. On April 14, 1865, a man by the name of John Wilkes Booth planned to assassinate Lincoln. Abe was at Fords theater in Washington watching Our American Cousin. Booth made his way to the box where Abe was seated, around ten thirty p.m. He put a pistol to Lincolns head a fired once, Abes body fell in his seat, and screams rang out Lincoln is Dead.That night as his wife stood by him, the doctors struggled to save Lincolns life. The very next morning, April 15,1865 Abraham Lincoln died, and a few hours later Vice President Andrew Jackson was sworn in. Of all of the presidents the most seems to be written about Abe. Although many sever evaluations were done on his life, it did not in any way lessen his prestige, and he still is looked upon as a great speaker, and a person that made a lasting impression on the United States of America.